Showing 2 results for Spinning Reserve
F. Aminifar, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (1-2007)
Abstract
From the optimization point of view, an optimum solution of the unit
commitment problem with reliability constraints can be achieved when all constraints are
simultaneously satisfied rather than sequentially or separately satisfying them. Therefore,
the reliability constraints need to be appropriately formulated in terms of the conventional
unit commitment variables. In this paper, the reliability-constrained unit commitment
problem is formulated in a mixed-integer program format. Both the unit commitment risk
and the response risk are taken into account as the probabilistic criteria of the operating
reserve requirement. In addition to spinning reserve of generating units, interruptible load is
also included as a part of operating reserve. The numerical studies using IEEE-RTS
indicate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation. The obtained results are presented
and the implementation issues are discussed. Two sensitivity analyses are also fulfilled to
illustrate the effects of generating unit failure rates and interruption time of interruptible
load.
H. Rajabi Mashhadi, J. Khorasani,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
Strategic bidding in joint energy and spinning reserve markets is a challenging task from the viewpoint of generation companies (GenCos). In this paper, the interaction between energy and spinning reserve markets is modeled considering a joint probability density function for the prices of these markets. Considering pay-as-bid pricing mechanism, the bidding problem is formulated and solved as a classic optimization problem. The results show that the contribution of a GenCo in each market strongly depends on its production cost and its level of risk-aversion. Furthermore, if reserve bid acceptance is considered subjected to winning in the energy market, it can affect the strategic bidding behavior.
