M. A. Trimukhe, B. G. Hogade,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (June 2019)
Abstract
In this paper a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented to design a compact stepped triangle shape antenna in order to obtain the proper UWB bandwidth as defined by FCC. By changing the various cavity dimensions of the antenna, data to develop PSO program in MATLAB is achieved. The results obtained from the PSO algorithm are applied to the antenna design to fine-tune the bandwidth. Bandwidth optimization for ultra-wideband frequency of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz is achieved by applying PSO algorithm. High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software tool is used for the simulation. An optimized antenna is fabricated, tested and test results are found in accordance with simulation results.
P. Kulkarni, B. Hogade, V. Kulkarni,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (March 2021)
Abstract
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processors employed with pipeline architecture consist of series of Processing Elements (PE) or Butterfly Units (BU). BU or PE of FFT performs multiplication and addition on complex numbers. This paper proposes a single BU to compute radix-2, 8 point FFT in the time domain as well as frequency domain by replacing a series of PEs. This BU comprises of fused floating point (FP) addition-subtraction (FFAS) and modified booth algorithm based floating point multiplier (FMULT). BU performs all arithmetic operations in floating pointform to overcome the nonlinearities available in fixed word length (FWL). FP arithmetic is slower as compared with FWL. To improve the speed of operation, symmetrical property of twiddle constant is used and they are embedded in the BU. BU outputs two halves of computation simultaneously with a single FFAS and two FMULT. BU design is synthesized, placed and routed for 45nm technology of nangate open cell library. Synthesized results show that proposed BU consumes 23910µm2 area with latency of 3.44ns which are 5.05% smaller in area, 7.02% faster and replaces a set of two five operand adder and two multipliers by a single FFAS as compared with previously reported smallest work.
